Objectives: The following study was carried out with the aim of evaluating six pathological susceptibility backgrounds (personality traits, life style, social and family relationships, beliefs and thought, feelings and emotions and behaviors).Method: In a causal-comparative study 240 subjects (120 recovered addicts and 120 normal individuals) were selected using stratified random sampling method from rehabilitation centers of four cities: Urmieh, Qum, Shiraz and Tehran. Males constituted 95% of the subjects with an age range of 18 and over. Data were gathered using Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ) and analyzed using t-test. Results: Drug dependent subjects were significantly different from the normal subjects in each of the pre-addiction susceptibility back-grounds (p<0.001). These backgrounds are effective in forming the vulnerability for addiction. Conclusion: Drug dependent subjects possess more abnormal characteristics (incorrect lifestyle, unhealthy social and familial relation- ships, erroneous thoughts and beliefs, abnormal emotions and hazardous behavior).

Background and Aim:  Effective brucellosis treatment necessitates antibiotics that can penetrate macrophages. This study systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Brucella spp. isolated from humans, addressing this critical gap in understanding Brucella infections and their treatment. Materials and Methods:  Two authors conducted a systematic search across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with no time restrictions, encompassing English studies. Data extraction employed a standardized sheet, with two independent authors, and disagreements were resolved by a third. The data sheet included study characteristics and susceptibility/resistance information for various antibiotics. Statistical analysis involved random effects models, Mantel-Haenszel methods, I2 tests, z-tests, and funnel plots using R and RStudio. Results:  Based on the pooled susceptibility ratios, among the 630 samples of Brucella spp., 98% (95% CI: 85%-100%) were susceptible to trimethoprim. Among the 1255 samples of Brucella spp., 82% (95% CI: 54%-95%) were susceptible to rifampicin. Among the 1344 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 78%-100%) were susceptible to doxycycline. Among the 942 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 85%-100%) were susceptible to tetracycline. Among the 893 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 82%-100%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Among the 906 samples of Brucella spp., 97% (95% CI: 96%-98%) were susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion:  Based on our results, trimethoprim, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were effective, but rifampicin had lower susceptibility. This informs antibiotic selection for Brucella infections, underscoring its importance in managing the disease

Background: Addiction is one of the most prominent problems and the fourth leading crisis worldwide. In Iran, this issue is more complicated because of increasing young population in this country. Objectives: This study aimed to predict addiction susceptibility regarding students’ personality traits at Qazvin universities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 227 students from Qazvin universities were selected using the multistage random stratifi ed sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic information form, Addiction Susceptibility questionnaire (ASQ), and NEO personality inventory. After collecting the required data, SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the data by running variance analysis and paired sample t-test. Results: In this study, neuroticism (P = 0. 031) and openness (P = 0. 043) with regression coeffi cients of 0. 584 and 0. 586 had positive and signifi cant eff ects on addiction susceptibility, respectively. In contrast, extraversion (P = 0. 023), agreeableness (P = 0. 038), and consciousness (P < 0. 001) with regression coeffi cients of-0. 639,-0. 186, and-1. 342 had negative and signifi cant eff ects on addiction susceptibility, respectively. Conclusions: The fi ndings revealed a signifi cant relationship between personality traits and addiction susceptibility. Accordingly, the aforementioned psychological traits must be empathized in educational, preventive, and therapeutic programs so that the vulnerable groups, including students, would receive some help.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was validation of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ) by examining the factor structure and internal consistency with exploratory factor analysis in Iran adolescent's population.Method: Participants were 5884 high school adolescents. The participants were 14-20 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method from 5 Cities in Iran (Uremia, Tehran, Ahwaz, Mashhad and Zanjan).Results: The results showed that 50 item of the questionnaires were loading in 10 factors of Inner Dissatisfaction, Risk behaviors, Non-reliability, Show off, Positive thoughts about substance, Dissatisfaction with family, Low Faith and Spirituality, Deviation from the norm, Self-centered, Risky relationships with friends With factor loadings between.30 and.80. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated in range of.68 to.83.Conclusion: Factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire- adolescents Version (ASQ-AV) was suitable. The ASQ-AV to have highly reliable measure of addiction susceptibility by adolescents and it is appropriate for both female and male adolescents in clinical, educational and research settings.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of parenting style on the prediction of Addiction Susceptibility (AS) in children. The present study plans to investigate whether different parenting styles lead to shaping various addiction susceptibility in children. Participants were 304 single male and female students of Islamic Azad University at Khoy Branch. Participants were between 19 and 26 years of age and were chosen using Stratified Random Sampling method.Data were gathered using the addiction susceptibility questionnaire-student version (ASQ-SV) and the parenting style questionnaire (PSQ).Data were analyzed using multiple regression and partial correlation. The results show that paternal and maternal authoritative parenting style (PS) has a negative and significant relation-ship with children’s AS. Authoritative PS is a reverse and significant predict-tor of children’s AS. Father’s and mother’s authoritarian PS has a positive and significant relationship with their children’s AS. Authoritarian PS is a direct and significant predictor of children’s AS. Parents’ neglectful PS has also a positive and significant relationship with children’s AS. Mother’s neglectful PS is a direct and significant predictor of children’s AS. Father’s neglectful PS, however, is not a significant predictor of children’s AS. Permissive PS does not show a significant relationship with children’s AS. The present study introduces authoritative PS as the most efficient style in terms of reducing AS and authoritarian and neglectful PS as the most inefficient styles in terms of increasing AS. Thus, Parents training should be the main goal of drug demand reduction program (DDRP).

Background: Adolescence is a high-risk period. Teenagers experience risky behaviors in this period, including using abusive drugs and addiction. Meanwhile, sufficient awareness helps a person to interpret and analyze health-threatening factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and susceptibility to addiction in adolescents living in the western part of Tehran City, Iran.  Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 265 senior high school students in the western part of Tehran in 2021. The subjects were recruited by cluster random sampling. The study data were collected online using the addiction susceptibility questionnaire and health literacy measure for adolescents. The obtained data were sorted by frequency distribution, Mean±SD and analyzed utilizing the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 16. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Most study subjects (56.4%) were female. Their Mean±SD score of health literacy was 65.31±21.15. Among the subscales of health literacy, “calculation”, with a Mean±SD score of 68.96±35.89, and “utilization”, with 61.29±25.05, had the highest and lowest mean scores, respectively. The Mean±SD score of addiction susceptibility was 25.3±30.05, and among its subscales, “showing off” with a mean score of 33.09±32.64 and “family dissatisfaction” with 19.75±35.47 had the highest and lowest mean scores, respectively. Health literacy and its dimensions had a negative correlation with addiction susceptibility (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, it is recommended to use appropriate strategies to increase adolescent health literacy by health service providers, school officials, school health nurses, and teachers. The results of this study can be used as a source for further research on addiction and health literacy in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was development and validation of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ) by examining the factor structure and internal consistency in collage student's sample. Participants were 304 single male and female college student. The participants were 19-26 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method. The results showed the factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire Student Version (ASQ-SV) was suitable. The ASQ-SV to have highly reliable measure of addiction susceptibility by college student and it is appropriate for both female and male students in clinical, educational and research settings.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk and protective factors of youth addiction susceptibility.Method: From target population-associate’s degree and undergraduate male and female students from Islamic Azad University branches in West Azerbaijan province aged 18 to 41 years- 592 students were chosen using cluster random sampling method from Islamic Azad University branches in Uremia, Khoy, Mako, Mahabad and Bokan based on sex, course of study, and academic grade. Data was gathered through Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire-Student Version (ASQ-SV) and analyzed using one way analysis of variance and path analysis.Results: The addiction susceptibility in male students was more than the females’, single more than the married, higher academic grades more than the lower grades, regular and sporadic users more than non-users of cigarettes, and the same in different educational groups. Mother employment with increasing the students' academic achievement indirectly decreased their addiction susceptibility, but directly was ineffective to the increase and decrease of student academic status and addiction susceptibility. The number of friends did not affect the increase and decrease of academic achievement, but directly and indirectly increased their addiction susceptibility with increasing the unfavorable academic status.Conclusion: The academic achievement, favorable academic status, few friends, nonsmoking and employed mothers were considered as protective factors, and being male, single, academic drop, unfavorable academic status, the number of friends, and regular or sporadic smoking as the risk factors for addiction susceptibility.

Background & Objective: Substance dependence, as a general problem and a widespread condition, increases mortality rates and imposes high economic costs. The American Psychiatric Association, per the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, defines substance use disorder as a set of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms that indicate a person with significant substancerelated problems with substance use. This study aimed to investigate the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the addiction susceptibility of high school students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and a control group design. The statistical population included all tenthgrade male students in Tonekabon City, Iran, who educated in 2017 (1801). Initially, 5 schools were randomly selected from boys' high schools. Then, all tenth-grade students were evaluated using the Iranian Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Of the students who scored ≥ 25, 30 were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 per group). Furthermore, and a 12-hour group CBT was administered to the experimental group. However, the control group received no treatment. At the end of the intervention and three months after that, both study groups completed the questionnaire as the posttest and follow-up stages. Descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and repeatedmeasures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), were applied to analyze the obtained data at (p<0. 05). Results: Findings revealed significant changes in addiction susceptibility posttest scores in the experimental group; however, at the follow-up stage, the change was not significant. Accordingly, the difference between the scores of the experimental and control groups indicated that CBT effectively reduced students' potential for substance dependence. Considering the eta squared, 11. 8% of these changes were induced by the CBT course. According to Bonferroni test results, there were significant differences between the scores of pretest and posttest stages (p<0. 001). In other words, after the intervention, the study samples’ addiction susceptibility score decreased; however, the difference between the follow-up and pretest stages was not significant, indicating that the decrease was not sustained at the follow-up stage. The difference between the scores of the posttest and follow-up stages was significant, i. e., in the follow-up and pretest stages, addiction susceptibility values were almost the same. However, in the posttest phase, due to the provision of CBT, the susceptibility to addiction was reduced. As a result, the CBT outcomes failed to remain sustainable. Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that group CBT affected the components of addiction susceptibility in the investigated tenth-grade students and reduced these adolescents' tendency to addiction. Thus, this intervention is promising in preventing substance use disorders. Group CBT alone does not seem to be effective in reducing students' dissatisfaction with parents, and it is best to include concurrent training to improve parenting styles and parent-child relationships and educate parents. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to provide training and interventions prior to conducting the program or simultaneously in the target groups, and at different stages according to the characteristics of each step as well as the students' perceptions.

Objective: The present study examined the relationship of aggression and impulsiveness with readiness for addiction among the students of Allameh Tabatabai University.Materials & Methods: The methodology applied in this research was cross- analytical.170 male undergraduate students who study at Allameh Tabataba'i University were selected by two-stage random sampling. To measure the variables, Aggression Questionnaire of Ahvaz, Barrat Impulsiveness scale (BIS) and the readiness for addiction scale of Wade and Butcher were employed. To analyze the findings, the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used.Results: Results indicated that the variables of aggression and impulsiveness were significantly able to predict the readiness for addiction (P<0.001). Also, based on the coefficient of determination, aggression and impulsiveness variables together predicted 49 percent of variance of addiction readiness variable.Conclusion: Noting that the variables of aggression and impulsivity can properly predict readiness for addiction, university counseling centers can, through workshops, teach the students different ways of controlling these variables in a variety of situations and so they will be able to prevent the tendency towards drug use.